Emergency imaging studies for intrathoracic processes in children's oncology and hematology

Modern technologies for treating children with oncological and oncohematological diseases have significantly increased survival. However, oncological diseases remain one of the significant causes of childhood mortality. In some cases, fatal outcomes and irreversible disability can be prevented by early diagnosis and, accordingly, timely treatment, which is impossible without non-invasive visualization of critical conditions. Life-threatening oncological conditions of the chest cavity can be primary due to the localization and spread of the tumor itself, or secondary (compression of organs and vessels, infection, complications of chemo- and radiotherapy). Visualization of the chest organs is necessary for the diagnosis of structural oncological conditions (diffuse or focal changes in the lungs, embolism, superior vena cava syndrome, cardiac tamponade). The authors presented the indications and possibilities of ultrasound and radiological diagnostics of primary malignant neoplasms in childhood and their life-threatening complications, emphasizing the need for immediate treatment of the patient.