Molecular Marker-Assisted Identification of Rust Resistance Genes in NUWYT Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Rust diseases are among the most devastating threats to global wheat production significantly impact the crop productions as well as food security. Identification and deployment of rust resistance genes is critical for developing resistant wheat varieties. The premeditated crops urged to be screened regularly for the most tolerant and stable genotypes selections which are incompatible with the surrounding environmental. The present research trials were processed by screening the (66) NUWYT wheat genotypes with Rusts result. The rusts of wheat, occurred due to three species of Puccinia, are very shocking disease results and are main biotic constraints in efforts to sustain wheat production worldwide. Stripe rust is a widely spread disease of wheat, resulting in significant losses in yield and quality. Each monogenic line of Yr1, Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr17, Yr32 and YrSP showed higher levels of resistance to these races, at seedling period. In present research work we utilized these markers for yellow rust CSLV34 Lr34/Yr18, S19M93-140 Yr5, Xbarc181 for Yr18 gene, Xgwm-498 Yr24/26 all give the significant results. The objective of the present study was the identification of Lr genes in 66 wheat cultivars in Pakistan. Two Markers have been utilized for Lr genes detection in 66 wheat lines that is SCS265512 Lr19 and SCAR-WMC44 Lr46. The most frequently reporting genes in 66 wheat cultivars were Lr19, It is concluded that there was a good variation in Lr genes carried by wheat cultivars commercially grown in Pakistan. These findings were for stem rust identification and resistance gens Sr22 and Sr36 in 66 NUWYT wheat cultivars. Two SSR markers Xwmc633, Xgwm319 were used for detecting the Sr22 and Sr36. This study investigates the identification of rusts resistance genes in wheat by using molecular markers. By going through the marker-assisted selection (MAS), we enabled to evaluate the several wheat genotypes for rust resistance genes confirmation. Results revealed that molecular markers like SSRs (Simple Sequence Repeats), Marker CSLV34 Lr34/Yr18, S19M93-140, Xbarc181 for Yr18 gene, Xgwm-498 Yr24/26, SCS265512 Lr19, SCAR-WMC44 Lr46, Xwmc633 Sr22 and Xgwm319 Sr36 are effectively identified the resistance genes such as Lr, Yr, and Sr and providing the valuable tools for wheat breeding programs. These markers should be helpful in marker-assisted pyramiding of rusts resistance genes for developing new cultivars along with various genes resistance against stem rust, leaf rust and yellow rust races in Pakistan. The resistance resources investigated in current study can help and guide wheat breeders to pyramid Yr, Sr and Lr resistant genes to bring about new wheat genotypes.