Análise de políticas públicas de combate à fome e insegurança alimentar e nutricional na cidade de São Paulo a partir das etapas dos sistemas alimentares

Introduction: Addressing hunger and food insecurity represents a global challenge, with millions of individuals facing limited access to adequate food. Understanding existing public policies through the lens of food systems can contribute to overcoming this situation. Objective: This study analyzes public policies aimed at combating hunger and food insecurity in the municipality of São Paulo, examining both short- and long-term policy cycles and their relationship with food systems. Methods: Current programs and policies were identified through information available on the websites of municipal departments. The public policies were classified as either structural (long-term cycle) or conjunctural (short-term cycle). To determine the stage of the food system in which each policy operates, the theoretical model proposed by the High Level Panel of Experts (HLPE, 2017) was employed. The policies and programs were organized into a flowchart indicating their position within the various stages of the food system. Results: A total of 41 programs were identified, with 56% classified as short-term and 41.5% as long-term. The analysis reveals a heterogeneous landscape in terms of the nature, scope, and integration of government actions with the food system. Discussion: The classification between short- and long-term policies shows that most initiatives remain focused on emergency and assistance-based responses, with an almost exclusive emphasis on the distribution stage. The development, implementation, and monitoring of policies encompassing multiple stages of the food system are essential, supported by a common, integrated agenda. While short-term policies are necessary, they must be complemented by structural measures to ensure lasting outcomes.