Carbon Farming for a Net-Zero Future: Practical Steps Farmers Can Adopt

Climate change poses a major challenge to global food security, with agriculture both contributing to and impacted by greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Carbon farming—a set of land management practices that enhance soil carbon sequestration and reduce emissions—offers a pathway to achieving sustainable productivity while supporting India’s commitment to net-zero emissions by 2070. This article outlines the concept of carbon farming and its relevance to smallholder agriculture. Practical steps such as conservation agriculture, crop residue retention, use of organic amendments and biochar, agroforestry, and improved water management are described, with evidence from research trials and case studies. The potential benefits include improved soil health, enhanced nutrient-use efficiency, reduced methane and nitrous oxide emissions, and opportunities for carbon credit income. However, challenges such as delayed measurable impacts, high initial costs, limited farmer awareness, and the need for policy support remain significant. The article concludes that integrating technological innovations with farmer-centred extension services and institutional frameworks is critical for scaling carbon farming, thereby ensuring resilient livelihoods and contributing to climate mitigation goals.