Wave-Based Seismic Characterization of the 2025 Myanmar Earthquakes (Mw 7.7 and Mw 6.7)

This study conducts a comprehensive waveform analysis of two significant earthquakes that struck Myanmar on March 28, 2025, Mw 7.7 and Mw 6.7, using advanced signal processing techniques. Seismic records from the Seismological Facility for the Advancement of Geoscience (SAGE) were analyzed across three components (BH1, BH2, BHZ) through Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Power Spectral Density (PSD), Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), and Probability Density Function (PDF) methods. These approaches enabled detailed characterization of the spectral, temporal, and statistical properties of the ground motion. The Mw 7.7 earthquake exhibited dominant low-frequency energy (0–0.5 Hz), prolonged shaking, and higher amplitudes, particularly in vertical and horizontal components, indicating strong resonance potential and elevated structural risk. In contrast, the Mw 6.7 event produced shorter-duration, lower-amplitude bursts with greater high-frequency attenuation and reduced hazard implications. FFT and PSD analyses quantified the stark energy contrast, while CWT results revealed the localized evolution of seismic energy. PDF analysis further highlighted differences in amplitude distribution, distinguishing the dynamic behaviours of the two events.