Cytotoxicity Testing Avocado Seed Extract (Persea americana Mill.) against Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells as an Alternative to Curettage Irrigation

Avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill.) are among the species suitable for use in curettage irrigation systems. Avocado seeds possess active compounds that have been shown to exhibit antibacterial properties against the periodontal disease-inducing bacterium Prevotella intermedia. An optimal irrigation material should be antibacterial and non-toxic to the human body. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of avocado seed extract (Persea americana Mill.) on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells as a potential option for curettage irrigation material. This is a laboratory experiment employing a post-test control group design. This study investigated avocado seed extract concentrations of 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, and 8%. Fifty-six sample groups were present: medium control, cell control, and extract treatment groups. The microtetrazolium (MTT) assay was employed to assess the cytotoxicity of HGF cells. The presence of formazan crystals signifies the quantity of viable HGF cells. The research data were examined microscopically, and absorbance levels were quantified using an ELISA reader. The Kruskal-Wallis and Tukey HSD tests were utilised to analyse the research results. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant differences in optical density among groups (p<0.05). The Tukey HSD analysis identified a significant difference (p < 0.05) between the media control and the other groups. Avocado seed extract at concentrations of 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, and 8% is non-toxic to HGF cells, as its cell viability exceeds 90%, suggesting its suitability as an ingredient in curettage irrigation.