Effectiveness of Customised Physiotherapy in Managing Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder: A Case Series

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are rare, chronic inflammatory diseases of the CNS, distinct from multiple sclerosis, and usually present with myelitis or optic neuritis. The disease often follows a relapsing course, with incomplete recovery and early disability, requiring multidisciplinary management. Physiotherapy plays a key role in improving quality of life and is considered safe even in acute cases. This case series describes three young female patients (ages 29–33) with NMOSD who presented with symptoms such as visual problems, tingling, weakness, pain, stiffness, and numbness. Each underwent detailed neurological assessment, and individualized physiotherapy programs were designed. Standardized outcome measures included sensory and motor testing, reflex scales, trunk and gait assessments, fatigue and disability scales, and ADL evaluation. Interventions targeted bronchial hygiene, sensory deficits, muscle tone, motor function, balance, gait, and daily living activities. Physiotherapy led to significant improvements across multiple domains, with gains in muscle strength, balance, mobility, and functional independence, highlighting its effectiveness in NMOSD management.