Next-Generation Neural Interfaces Enabled by Nano-Bioelectronics- Review

This review paper is dedicated to state-of-the-art in brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) based on nano-bioelectronics (NBE). The report elaborates how convergence in nanoscience, biotechnology, information technology and cognitive science (NBIC) has resulted in new set of neural interfaces that overcomes the size limitation of macro-scale neural interfaces. The paper will discuss certain properties of nanomaterials, in particular, carbon-based nanostructures, metals nano clustering structures and hybrids composite materials, that have the potential to enhance signal recording, stimulation of neurons and drug delivery. The technological revolution in the application of the technologies to the sphere of neural prosthetics, neurorehabilitation and targeted therapeutics are considered. In addition, critical appraisal of current technical and biological issues, such as foreign body reaction (FBR) and degradation of the signal, is undertaken and one that is explored here is self-healing materials, contactless energy delivery, and artificial intelligence interface. The article ends with the positive perspective to the future development of this cross disciplinary endeavour in that it would change the nature of how the brain has been known and operates in terms of neurologically.