Гносеологічний потенціал сучасних соціально-психологічних теорій тероризму та контртероризму

The article explores the epistemological potential of contemporary socio-psychological theories of terrorism and counterterrorism through an analysis of the concepts proposed by Anna Geifman and Daniel Koehler, focusing on the psychological, socio-philosophical, and historical aspects of this phenomenon. The primary emphasis is on the evolution of terrorism from individual acts to a mass phenomenon, particularly through the lens of Russian revolutionary terrorism of the late 19th to early 20th centuries and its influence on modern forms of extremism, such as far-right and "hive" terrorism. The study examines the psychological mechanisms of radicalization, including alienation, tanatophilia, and dehumanization, as well as the processes of deradicalization and disengagement, driven by "push" and "pull" factors. The role of the intelligentsia, literature, and social media in normalizing violence, alongside strategies for countering violent extremism (CVE), is analyzed. In the context of contemporary challenges, such as the rise of anti-immigrant movements and psychological dependency on violence, the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to developing effective counterterrorism strategies is highlighted. The relevance of the study for Ukraine lies in the need for a deeper understanding of psychosocial mechanisms of radicalization to strengthen national security and counter hybrid threats. Conclusions are drawn regarding the prospects of applying these theories to improve preventive measures and manage counterterrorism processes.