Importance of prickly pear (Opuntia spp) cultivation for sustainable agricultural systems and climate change resilient

The cultivation of prickly pear (Opuntia spp) represents a strategic alternative for the development of sustainable and climate-resilient agricultural systems. Its ability to adapt to extreme conditions such as poor soils, prolonged droughts, and high temperatures, combined with its metabolism, allows it to maximize the use of water and nutrients, contributing to soil conservation and mitigating erosion and climate impacts. Furthermore, it plays a significant role in food security due to its nutritional and forage value, as well as its potential for biofuels and phytoremediation. Mexico is the world leader in prickly pear production, with more than 864,000 tons annually, distributed across 27 states, generating significant income for approximately 20,000 producers. Its marketing, traditionally fresh, has diversified into the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and energy sectors, opening international markets such as Europe and Asia. Furthermore, prickly pear cultivation has a strong cultural and historical component in Mexico, linked to national identity and ancestral practices. However, it faces challenges such as pests, diseases, and limitations in the value chain, including quality and traceability issues. The lack of technical, economic, and regulatory resources hinders its sustainable expansion. Therefore, public policies, research, and technical support are needed to enhance its comprehensive use, fostering an agroecological transition that promotes economic, social, and environmental resilience in vulnerable regions.