Bio-inspired synthesis and characterization of sodium-doped ZnO nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity assay

The novel and particular features of nanoparticles have attracted scientists towards medical, optic, computer, and pharmacy applications. Nanoparticles (1–100 nm) made from various elements. The doping elements together can enhance or reduce their particular features. Biosynthesis of ZnO and Na-doped ZnO nanoparticles was done using Zingiber officinale. The resulting ZnO and Na-doped ZnO NPs were characterized by FESEM-EDAX and XRD. The size of ZnO spherical NPs is randomly in the range of 40 to 80 nm. Na-doped ZnO NPs have spherical shapes. The size of spherical NPs and the accumulation areas of Na-doped ZnO are randomly in the range of 40 to 199 nm. This increase in size and state of agglomerate is due to the large rNa compared to rZn. The photoluminescence spectrum showed that doped ZnO NPs have a significant emission band at wavelengths of 327 nm and 332 nm. The doping causes a shift from 324 nm to 327 nm. The MTT test was used to investigate the cytotoxicity of ZnO and Na-doped ZnO NPs. The ZnO and Na-doped ZnO NPs showed cytotoxicity effect on MCF7 cell lines as determined by the IC50 values 60 and 67 µg/mL, respectively, on MCF7.