Optimization of hybrid AC/DC microgrid management for enhanced energy efficiency

• A MILP optimization framework is proposed for hybrid AC/DC microgrids. • Real PV and load profiles from the FOSS nanogrid are used for validation. • Optimized AC/DC load allocation reduces conversion losses and grid imports. • Battery operation is optimized under realistic SoC and efficiency constraints. • Results show 20% grid import reduction and improved energy efficiency. The transition toward renewable energy sources (RES) and the increasing complexity of energy demand have necessitated the adoption of hybrid AC/DC microgrids. These systems combine the benefits of AC and DC networks, improving energy efficiency, grid resilience, and cost-effectiveness. This study presents a novel optimization framework for hybrid AC/DC microgrids that incorporates efficient load allocation, battery storage management, and real-system energy profiles. The framework prioritizes DC loads based on efficiency criteria, achieving an optimal allocation of 34% for AC loads and 66% for DC loads, minimizing conversion losses and improving overall system efficiency. Validation of the framework in the FOSS nanogrid demonstrated about 20% reduction in grid imports, highlighting its effectiveness in maximizing local renewable energy utilization. The system’s performance was further enhanced through efficient battery management, achieving charging and discharging efficiencies of 90% while complying with state-of-charge constraints. These findings confirm the framework’s potential as an implementable solution for improving the performance, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of hybrid distributed grids / microgrids, contributing decisively to the efficient evolution of energy systems and to the global transition to renewable / sustainable energy.