Green preparation of nanoemulsion of Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees et T.Nees) blume essential oil loaded with cinnamaldehyde and evaluation of its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and wound healing activities

Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T. Nees) Blume oil (CBO) and cinnamaldehyde (CA) are natural compounds with promising wound healing. However, their application is limited by volatility. In this study, a tea saponin (TS)-stabilized nanoemulsion (CBO-TS NEs) was developed under conditions: 1 % CBO, 3 mg/mL TS, and 2 min of ultrasonication at 260 W. The CBO-TS NEs exhibited a particle size of 140.27 ± 3.11 nm and good stability under various conditions. After loading CA (10 μL) into CBO-TS NEs, the particle size becomes 156 ± 2.66 nm, and the transdermal delivery efficiency of CA was enhanced. The CACBO-TS NEs demonstrated notable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, promoted the migration of L929 cells, and exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy. In vivo experimental results indicated that the CACBO-TS NEs achieved superior wound healing outcomes, underscoring a synergistic therapeutic effect between CBO and CA, highlighting the considerable application potential of CACBO-TS NEs for wound healing. • Developed a green CBO-TS nanoemulsion for co-delivery of CA and borneol via ultrasonication. • Achieved synergistic anti-infection and pro-repair efficacy for full-thickness wound healing. • Established a solvent-free, scalable process with robust stability and translational potential.