Multi-factor optimization of the latent heat storage tank based on target interval

The latent thermal storage tank improves energy storage density and the efficiency of solar energy systems. This study conducts numerical research on latent heat storage tanks under different operating conditions. The numerical results showed that the porosity, water flow rate, input power, and output power significantly impact the tank's thermal performance. As the length of the PCM plate increased, the melting time of PCM was minimally reduced to within 5 to 5.5 hours. The smaller the porosity, the shorter the melting time. The lower flow rate is conducive to heat storage. The input heat increases, the inlet and outlet temperature increases, and the melting time is shortened. Increasing the input heat shortens the duration of temperature stabilization at the outlet, indicating the need for greater heat storage capacity. In order to meet the requirements under the influence of various factors, a new design methodology is proposed to find the ideal interval of multi-variable parameters according to the set phase change melting/solidification period. The multi-element dynamic optimization algorithm based on target interval provides a more suitable optimization method and design path for practical needs.