Comparative Evaluation of Air Purification Efficacy of Herbal Dhoopa Formulation and Commercial Dhoopa Product via Fumigation

Microbes in the environment contribute to various health issues. Traditional fumigation methods like Dhoopana and Havana have been used to reduce microbial load. This study prepares a Dhoopa Formulation (DF) using natural ingredients—cow’s ghee, camphor, neem, drumstick, mustard, and guggul gum—known for their antimicrobial properties, and compares its efficacy with commercial Dhoopa products (CD-I, CD-II). DF demonstrated superior microbial reduction in bacterial: 8.3±0.9 CFU/m3; fungal: 0.3±0.3 CFU/m3, achieving 92.26% and 95.00% fumigation effects respectively at the 4th hour. In contrast, CD-I showed 66.09% fumigation effect in bacteria and 80.96% in fungi with reduction bacterial: 26.0±3.5 CFU/m3 & fungal: 1.3±0.3 CFU/m3, while CD-II showed 62.78% (bacterial reduction: 58.3±7.2 CFU/m3) and 75.00% (fungal reduction: 2.0±0.6 CFU/m3) fumigation effect. This study highlights that DF is not only more effective than commercial alternatives but also offers a cost-efficient, eco-friendly air sanitizer with a pleasant fragrance, suitable for an indoor air purifier due to its high antimicrobial activity.