Embedding of X‐ray computed tomography data of cultural heritage objects in interactive web applications – old technical instruments brought back to novel virtual life

• X-ray CT data transformed into interactive 3D web models for cultural heritage. • Historical instruments digitally reconstructed and rendered with freeware software. • Tailored workflows for surface extraction, modification and repair developed. • CT and structured-light scanning combined for faithful materiality representation. • Digital models allow virtual exploration of object mechanisms and history. X-ray computed tomography (CT) has become a common method for conservators, historians and archaeologists to examine the interior of museum objects in a non-destructive way. This paper demonstrates an additional application of CT data sets. We namely show how the data can be processed and converted to interactive, computer-animated models embedded in web applications to bring back the historical objects to novel virtual life. This opens up a new way for museum visitors to interact with the virtual objects in both on-site and online exhibitions. The use of freely accessible software at all stages ensures that the involved costs remain accessible to public institutions. The approach is demonstrated using three technical instruments of historical significance spanning three centuries of maritime navigation: a pocket sundial, a maritime chronometer, and a pocket barometer manufactured in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries. Each object presents its own attributes and characteristics that require different approaches and solutions along the data process chains. The outcomes of these chains are interactive applications demonstrating the functionalities of the old instruments. This contributes to a better understanding of their modes of operation, and can focus the attention of the visitors to individual technical details, material composition and appearance, or other attributes of historical significance. The accessibility and appeal of the virtual objects results in a more immersive interaction experience facilitating a better transfer of knowledge to the visitors.