The Hidden Threat of Biofilms in Bovine Mastitis

India stands as the global leader in milk production, contributing 25% of the world’s milk supply with an output of 239.3 million tonnes in 2023–24 [1]. This vibrant dairy sector supports over 80 million farmers, predominantly small- holders, and is a lifeline for rural economies. Yet, a silent threat looms large: bovine mastitis, an udder infection that inflicts economic losses estimated at ₹12,000–15,000 crore annually. A key culprit behind the persistence of this dis- ease is biofilms—protective bacterial communities that shield pathogens from treatment. This article delves into the current state of bovine mastitis in India, the role of biofilms, and the innovative strategies being developed to combat this challenge, offering hope for farmers and the industry.