Ethical Reflections on Human Existence Under Posthumanism and Biotechnological Dilemmas

Posthumanism originates from the negation of anthropocentrism, and states that humanity represents only a temporary phase or state in the evolutionary process of the world and can be able to interconnect with other non-human entities to form new substrates that carry life information. Biotechnology is one of the key means of realizing posthumanism, and provides a robust material and technological foundation to dissolve the human subjectivity and particularity. This paper primarily investigates the crises generated by humanity itself under the complicity of posthumanism and advancing biotechnology, and further attempts to employ Nietzsche’s Übermensch philosophy and its contemporary developmental theories to critically analyse the philosophical and ethical issues that human subjectivity faces. The aim is to offer potential pathways to reconstruct human existential subjectivity for addressing the dilemmas of our era.