Green Supply Chain Management in India: An Empirical Study on Practices, Challenges, and Performance Outcomes

Abstract The increasing environmental concerns, stringent regulations, and growing consumer awareness have compelled firms to adopt sustainable practices across the globe. Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) integrates environmental thinking into supply chain processes, encompassing product design, material sourcing, manufacturing, distribution, and end-of-life management. This study investigates the adoption of GSCM practices in India, focusing on manufacturing and automobile sectors. Using a structured questionnaire survey conducted among 250 managers from organizations across Delhi NCR, Pune, and Bangalore, the study applies statistical tools such as factor analysis, regression, and ANOVA to examine the relationship between GSCM practices and organizational performance. Results reveal that green procurement, eco-friendly manufacturing, and reverse logistics significantly contribute to operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and brand reputation. However, cost implications and lack of technological know-how remain major barriers. The findings emphasize the need for policy support, training, and technology adoption to strengthen GSCM in India.