Overview of oscillation and inertia monitoring use cases and solutions for power system operation and control

The increasing complexity of power systems and advancements in digitalization have enabled the development of novel solutions to support grid operations. Wide Area Monitoring Systems (WAMS) exemplify such technologies, providing capabilities like oscillation detection and inertia monitoring. While these features are being piloted by several Transmission System Operators (TSOs), the comprehensive interpretation of WAMS functionalities remains a topic of ongoing research. This paper examines the current state of WAMS technologies through comparative market analysis and the development of a functionality map for various software solutions. Key findings highlight the complexities of inertia estimation and the ongoing debate about the necessity and scope of extensive WAMS deployments. These results emphasize the need for tailored solutions to address the evolving requirements of TSOs while bridging technological and operational gaps.