The Concept of Al-Hisbah in Upholding Public Morals: Historical Foundations and Contemporary Applications in Modern Society

This research explores the concept of al-hisbah as an institution for upholding public morals, examining its historical foundations, classical functions, and relevance in modern society. Historically, al-hisbah was institutionalized to supervise markets, enforce public morality, and promote communal welfare, with the muhtasib serving as the central authority responsible for implementing these duties. Using a qualitative methodology based on literature review, comparative analysis, and normative juridical study, this research investigates how the principles of hisbah accountability, moral oversight, and public welfare can be adapted to contemporary governance frameworks. The study finds that modern institutions, such as anti-corruption commissions, consumer protection agencies, and ethics committees, embody hisbah-inspired principles, providing mechanisms to address moral decline, fraud, and social injustice while operating within democratic and pluralistic contexts. The research also identifies challenges, including potential authoritarian misuse, conflicts with individual rights, and the need to align ethical oversight with human rights standards. Analytical discussion highlights the enduring relevance of the Qur’anic principle amr bi al-ma‘ruf wa nahy ‘an al-munkar in guiding ethical governance in globalized societies. In conclusion, the study affirms that integrating al-hisbah values into modern institutions can enhance accountability, social justice, and public welfare, demonstrating the timeless significance of hisbah in addressing contemporary moral and societal challenges.