CRISIS COUNSELING IN THE SYSTEM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES.

The article provides a thorough analysis of the role of crisis counseling in the system of modern psychological assistance. The author outlines the place of crisis interventions in the structure of psychosocial support, drawing attention to their special status as “first psychological aid” aimed at stabilizing the emotional state and preventing the development of deeper psychopathological manifestations. A comparative analysis of the main models of crisis counseling is carried out: psychoeducational, cognitive-behavioral, systemic and rehabilitation. It is shown that each of them has its own functions, strengths and limitations, and the areas of most effective application are identified. The psychoeducational model is seen as a means of raising client awareness and forming adaptive behavioral strategies; the cognitive-behavioral model is seen as a tool for transforming destructive beliefs and preventing post-traumatic disorders; the systemic model is seen as an approach to restoring communication and stabilizing the family environment; and the rehabilitation model is seen as a comprehensive model of long-term support and integration of an individual into society. The article also analyzes the integrative potential of these approaches, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of psychological assistance in crisis situations. The results of the study can be used in the practice of counseling psychologists, psychotherapists, social workers, as well as in the training system for future crisis intervention specialists.