Penerapan AI dan Machine Learning dalam Pendidikan Islam: Tantangan Etika dan Pendekatan Integratif Berbasis Maqāṣid Al-Syarī‘ah

Digital transformation in education presents strategic opportunities for the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning, which are now increasingly being integrated into the development of educational systems and learning processes within Islamic education environments. This article aims to explore in depth the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning in Islamic learning, with a focus on identifying ethical challenges and formulating integrative strategies grounded in the values of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah and the principle of wasathiyyah in the development of educational digital technology systems. AI has been proven to enhance learning personalization, administrative efficiency, and accessibility to a wide range of religious materials. However, the adoption of this technology also raises various ethical dilemmas, such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential marginalization of the teacher’s role as the primary educator. Using a theoretical approach based on wasathiyyah and the Islamic ethical framework, this article develops an evaluative model for AI implementation to ensure alignment with Islamic values and the cultivation of students' spiritual character. This study employs a qualitative-descriptive approach through a literature review of verified academic sources discussing the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic education, in order to examine its concepts, benefits, challenges, and ethical-spiritual dimensions