Seed Rearing of Sea Bass in Low-Salinity RAS: A Sustainable Approach for Inland Aquaculture

Sea bass (Lates calcarifer), popularly known as Asian sea bass or barramundi, was recognized as a fast-growing and high-value fish species with strong demand in domestic and export markets. Traditionally cultured in coastal ponds and cages, its production was expanded inland through the use of Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). Studies showed that sea bass seeds performed best at low salinity levels (0.5–5 ppt), where they exhibited higher growth, survival, and stress resistance compared to freshwater (0 ppt). RAS provided stable water quality, improved biosecurity and enabled year-round seed production, reducing dependence on coastal resources. Careful feed management, including protein-rich diets and controlled feeding strategies, supported rapid growth while maintaining water quality. Farmers benefited from reduced costs, stronger fingerlings and reliable seed supply. Therefore, low-salinity RAS-based seed rearing offered a sustainable, profitable and scalable solution for inland aquaculture.