The Success of Agricultural Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the Digital Era: A Case Study of Northeastern Thailand

Background and Aim: Agricultural Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the northeastern region are crucial to the economy but are facing challenges from digital transformation, climate change, and rising household debt. At the same time, new opportunities have emerged through AgriTech and E-commerce. Given this context, this study aims to evaluate the business strategies and technology adoption of agricultural SMEs and examine the factors contributing to their success. The findings will provide recommendations for fostering sustainable growth in digital agriculture businesses. Materials and Methods: This article is a qualitative research study that employs a case study analysis as its primary research methodology. Data were collected and synthesized from various secondary sources through a systematic literature review. The analysis of the success of agricultural Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) is based on the integration of multiple key theoretical frameworks. It begins with the application of business strategy theories to guide organizational direction, along with entrepreneurial characteristics such as innovative thinking and risk acceptance. These elements are further complemented by the adoption of digital technologies and innovations to create competitive advantages, both in production through AgriTech, including IoT, Big Data, and drones, and in marketing through e-commerce. All of these factors are managed systematically using management process principles to achieve organizational goals effectively. The study is based on a systematic literature review and content analysis of case studies involving successful agricultural SMEs in the northeastern region. Results: The findings reveal that the success of agricultural SMEs stems from the integration of six key interrelated and mutually reinforcing factors: (1) entrepreneurship and leadership, (2) adaptability and the application of innovation and digital technology, (3) the efficiency of internal management processes based on the POLC framework, (4) access to and management of resources, (5) network building and collaboration, and (6) market orientation and responsiveness to consumer needs. Conclusion: The success of agricultural SMEs in the northeastern region in the digital era depends on the systematic integration of various factors, including entrepreneurial characteristics, the ability to adopt appropriate AgriTech, farm management efficiency, effective development of strong collaborative networks, and a primary focus on meeting market demands. Therefore, a holistic approach is essential for fostering sustainable growth.