Report on ion source with increased throughput

This report describes the limitations of existing laser and surface ion sources in terms of ion throughput and the developments towards high-throughput ion sources for long-lived radionuclides carried out within the PRISMAP network. This work is built upon first principles through a theoretical understanding of the processes inside the ion source coupled with advanced thermo-mechanical, electrical, and Particle-In-Cell simulations of ion sources, validated by experimental tests. Two new hot-cavity ion sources developed by INFN and SCK CEN are benchmarked against the state-of-the-art ion source from CERN using their offline front end and mass separator. The new developments show promising features that will be further explored in subsequent research. Additional developments on other sources, such as the forced electron beam induced arc discharge (FEBIAD) are presented for completeness of the ongoing activities.