DİYAFRAM TONUS BOZUKLUKLARI

The diaphragm, a dome-shaped musculo-fibrous structure separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities, is recognized as the primary muscle of respiration and an indispensable organ for life. Thanks to the unique composition of its muscle fibers and neural innervation, it plays a critical role in both resting and forced breathing. The electrical activity of the diaphragm can be monitored using neurophysiological techniques, serving as an important indicator for personalized ventilatory support adjustments. However, various pathological conditions—affecting the nerves, muscles, or neuromuscular junction—lead to diaphragmatic dysfunction, which may cause dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and respiratory failure. Different forms of dysfunction such as congenital eventration, paralysis, spasticity, and myoclonus contribute to impaired respiratory functions and reduced quality of life. Particularly in neurological diseases, diaphragmatic spasticity negatively impacts ventilatory efficiency by limiting muscle contraction capacity. This review comprehensively discusses the anatomical and physiological features of the diaphragm, methods for assessing its electrical activity, and the clinical implications of its dysfunctions. It highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for preserving diaphragm health and effectively managing related diseases.