Study of Clinical Characteristics and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus Aureus in Patients in Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus are Gram-positive, catalase positive cocci belonging to genus Staphylococcus in the family Staphylococcaceae, order Bacillales. They are approximately 0.5-1.5 µm in diameter, non-motile, non-spore-forming, facultative anaerobes that usually form in clusters. Staphylococcus aureus are ubiquitous and are a part of the normal skin flora of animals and humans. This organism does not normally cause infections on healthy skin however, if it is allowed to enter the bloodstream or internal tissues, these bacteria causes a variety of potentially serious infections. In humans, Staphylococcus aureus causes various supportive diseases, food poisoning, pneumonia and toxic shock syndrome. Staphylococcus aureus produces many virulence factors, such as hemolysis, leukocidins, enterotoxins, exfoliates toxin. caused by this pathogen are common both in community-acquired and hospital-acquired settings. The treatment remains challenging due to the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains such as MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus). This review comprehensively covers the Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, clinical Characteristics and Treatment in Patients in Iraq.