Role of Green Economy Development Policies in Climate Change Mitigating and Adaptation in BRICS+ Countries: a review of existing literature

Climate change, primarily driven by rising greenhouse gas emissions, poses significant risks to ecosystems, economies, and human health. The BRICS+ nations Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and emerging members such as Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates—account for over 40% of global emissions while representing substantial shares of the world’s population and GDP. This highlights their pivotal role in advancing climate change mitigation and adaptation through green economic development. A systematic literature review was conducted, drawing on 20 peer-reviewed articles and policy documents sourced from databases including Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The review analyzed green economic development strategies and their effectiveness in reducing emissions and fostering sustainable transitions within BRICS+ nations. Findings reveal that BRICS+ countries have implemented diverse green initiatives, including renewable energy expansion, energy efficiency, eco-innovation, and green finance. Progress, however, remains uneven. China and India lead in renewable deployment and green bonds, while Brazil and South Africa continue to face unemployment and coal dependency challenges. Russia demonstrates balanced but cautious progress in decarbonization.