RISK MANAGEMENT OVER THE LIFE CYCLE OF LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES

The rapid adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has placed lithium-ion batteries at the center of modern mobility. While they offer high energy density and long cycle life, they also pose technical, economic, and environmental risks throughout their life cycle from raw material extraction to recycling. Effective risk management is therefore essential to ensure safety, reliability, sustainability, and economic feasibility. This paper outlines key risks associated with lithium-ion batteries and proposes strategies for managing them across production, usage, and end-of-life stages.