Development of open education in higher education institutions as a scientific problem in foreign and domestic research

The article explores theoretical and conceptual approaches to the development of open education in the conditions of modern society, characterized by digitalization and the need to ensure equal access to knowledge. The Ukrainian and world experience in defining the concepts of "open education" and "open educational resources" is analyzed, with emphasis on their interdisciplinary nature. The author's interpretation of the concepts of "open education", "development of open education", "open resources" is proposed. The key concepts of open education are reviewed, proposed by such scholars as John Silly Brown, Toru Iiyoshi, Vijay Kumar, Stephen Lerman, Richard Baraniuk, who consider open education not only as a technological innovation, but also as a social process that contributes to the democratization of knowledge. The historical development of scientific thought on open education is analyzed, and the main principles and mechanisms for its implementation are identified. Five key areas of activity that will contribute to the effective functioning of open education are outlined: the development of open educational resources, the integration of modern technologies, the formation of a culture of openness, international cooperation and the creation of a policy to support open education. Despite the significant potential of open education, its further development requires a systematic approach and the coordination of theoretical principles with practical challenges, especially in the context of global crisis phenomena, such as the coronavirus pandemic and full-scale military aggression.