Assessment of influencing factors and development directions for economic growth through community-based tourism of ethnic minorities: A case study of Dien Bien and Cao Bang, Vietnam

Dien Bien and Cao Bang are two mountainous provinces in the north of Vietnam that have diverse ethnic profiles and great potential for community-based tourism (CBT), which is inherent with been numerous challenges in the association between ethnic minorities and economic development. Thus, this study was to identify key factors affecting the success of CBT and provide recommendations for enhancing sustainability in these regions. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected through other literature from both studies and official documents and field surveys conducted among local residents, tourists, and key stakeholders. The data were then analyzed using regression and thematic analysis to determine the most influential factors. Results indicated that economic factors including income stability and equitable income distribution were the most significant determinants of CBT success. Cultural preservation and quality of life improvements were also as critical as environmental sustainability supported by effective waste management and government policies. Finally, community engagement and development policies were least influential. It was deduced that for the development of CBT in Dien Bien and Cao Bang, the stakeholders should focus on stabilizing income, preserving cultural heritage, and enhancing environmental sustainability through targeted policies and community engagement.