The Relationship between Upper Airways and Orthodontic Treatment

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in maxillary sinus dimensions following orthodontic treatment across different malocclusion groups. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Panoramic radiographs taken before and after orthodontic treatment were analyzed to assess maxillary sinus dimensions, which were then compared according to malocclusion classification. Results: Significant differences were observed in the maxillary sinus base length, planar length, and area before and after treatment. In the Class I group, post-treatment measurements showed a decrease in sinus indentation base length, while planar length and sinus area increased. In the Class II group, both sinus indentation base length and planar length increased, but sinus area decreased. In the Class III group, indentation base length and planar length decreased, whereas sinus area increased following treatment (p<0.05 for all). Discussion: Orthodontic treatment induces measurable changes in maxillary sinus dimensions that vary depending on malocclusion type. These findings highlight the importance of considering potential craniofacial changes before planning orthodontic therapy. Orthodontic treatment strategies should be designed with careful attention to the possible impact on sinus morphology to minimize complications.