Therapeutic Potentials of Matricaria Chamomilla: A Review of Recent Pharmacological Studies

Matricaria chamomilla L. (German chamomile) has been extensively utilized in traditional medicine and has recently gained significant attention for its broad pharmacological profile. This review consolidates contemporary findings regarding its therapeutic potential, focusing on its bioactive phytochemicals and associated pharmacological actions. The plant is rich in flavonoids (e.g., apigenin, luteolin, quercetin), sesquiterpenes (notably α-bisabolol and chamazulene), coumarins, polyphenols, and essential oils, which are primarily responsible for its medicinal efficacy. Modern investigations have demonstrated its notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and anticancer properties. These effects are mediated through diverse mechanisms such as modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), inhibition of oxidative stress markers (e.g., MDA, TOS), and interference with cellular pathways including NF-κB, COX-2, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The anxiolytic action of apigenin through positive modulation of GABA_A receptors highlights its neuropharmacological relevance. Additionally, synergistic interactions with conventional drugs and selective COX-2 inhibition suggest its potential in reducing adverse drug reactions. The variability in phytochemical content due to extraction methods and geographical factors underscores the need for standardization. Despite promising preclinical outcomes, clinical data remain limited. Therefore, rigorous translational research, including pharmacokinetic studies and well-designed clinical trials, is necessary to validate its safety and efficacy. Overall, M. chamomilla emerges as a potent candidate for integration into evidence-based phytotherapy. Future directions should focus on quality control, compound synergy elucidation, and clinical translation to optimize its role in complementary medicine.