Evaluation of hypolipidemic activity of hibiscus in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in wistar rats

The global rise in obesity is largely linked to increased consumption of dietary fats, contributing to a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia. This study aimed to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity of Hibiscus using an in vivo animal model. As current treatments like statins, though effective, are associated with potential side effects, there is growing interest in safer, plant-based alternatives. Hibiscus, a plant commonly found in India, is traditionally known for its lipid-lowering properties. The objective was to assess and compare the efficacy of an aqueous Hibiscus extract with Rosuvastatin in treating high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in male Wistar rats. Hyperlipidemia was induced over 30 days, followed by a 30-day treatment period. Rats received Hibiscus extract orally at 2.5 g/kg and 5 g/kg, while the standard group received Rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg). Body weight, serum lipid profiles, and atherogenic indices were measured on days 0, 15, and 30. Data were analyzed using paired and unpaired Student’s t-tests. The Rosuvastatin group showed significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, and VLDL-C, along with increased HDL-C levels (p < 0.001). Hibiscus also produced significant but comparatively lower improvements in lipid parameters. Despite its lower efficacy, Hibiscus demonstrated a favorable safety profile and notable hypolipidemic effects, supporting its potential as a natural alternative in hyperlipidemia management. Further research is warranted to explore its mechanisms and long-term benefits.