Xyleborus perforans

Xyleborus perforans (Wollaston, 1857) Materials Type status: Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 20; sex: female; disposition: Wisut Sittichaya Private Collection; occurrenceID: 4561C9C8-4B93-5C44-9504-23563BF23D5C; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Coleoptera; family: Curculionidae; genus: Xyleborus; specificEpithet: perforans; taxonRank: species; scientificNameAuthorship: (Wollaston, 1857); taxonomicStatus: valid; Location: country: Thailand; locality: Songkhla Province, Hat Yai District; verbatimElevation: 120 m; verbatimCoordinates: 6 ° 55 ' 20.8 " N 100 ° 14 ' 48.8 " E; Identification: identifiedBy: Sittichaya & Smith; Event: eventDate: 12. viii. 2024; habitat: tropical rainforest; Record Level: type: Non type Distribution S. Thailand: More than 40 provinces in all regions of the country (WS, personal surveys). Notes This species breeds in all parts of the C. inermis tree (newly-recorded host), including the trunk, main branches to secondary branches (3–12 cm diameter), except twigs, with more galleries on trunk and main branches. Breeding occurs either in the thick bark, the wood or both. Galleries typically begin as long tunnels in the bark before penetrating deeply into the wood – a pattern also observed in durian (Durio zibethinus L.; Bombacaceae) and rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg.; Euphorbiaceae) (WS, personal observation); the gallery is radially branched (2–3 branches) or unbranched. Eggs are laid in both the bark and the wood portions of the gallery. Each gallery (n = 10) consists of 3– 5 egg clusters, each containing 3– 8 eggs. A total of 10–30 progeny of varying developmental stages were observed per brood, with a recorded sex ratio of 9– 18 females per male (n = 5).