The concept of application modern geodetic methods in designing and constructing crossings main pipelines with railway trails

Purpose. To study the potential of modern geodetic technologies in the design of pipeline crossings over railway tracks, analyze their effectiveness in comparison with traditional methods and provide practical recommendations for the optimal use of GNSS, LiDAR, GIS and UAVs in design work. The methods. To achieve the goal, an analysis of the use of modern geodetic technologies in construction was carried out, traditional and the latest methods were compared by key parameters, the experience of using GNSS, LiDAR, GIS and UAVs in pipeline design was summarized and practical recommendations were formulated depending on the terrain conditions. Findings. Modern geodetic surveying methods increase the accuracy of measurements to 1–2 cm (versus 5-10 cm of traditional ones) and reduce the duration of field work from 5–7 to 1–2 days depending on the area. The choice of methodology depends on many factors: the required accuracy, terrain, weather conditions, dense development, natural interference, blocking of GNSS signals and site availability. Trenchless pipeline laying effectively uses digital terrain modeling, which reduces project risks, costs and environmental impact. The originality. The study established new patterns at the system level for the first time, determining the relationship between the level of implementation of modern geodetic technologies (GNSS, LiDAR, GIS, UAVs) and the efficiency of designing pipeline crossings over railway tracks. It was found that their comprehensive application provides a fivefold increase in measurement accuracy, a reduction in the duration of field work by 20–70%, as well as cost optimization, increased safety and a reduction in the environmental impact. A scientific approach to the digitalization of geodetic processes has been developed, in particular the creation of digital terrain models for infrastructure design. A cause-and-effect relationship between the level of technological integration and the quality of design solutions is substantiated, which forms the basis for updating industry standards. Practical implementation. The results can be used by design and construction organizations to improve the accuracy of engineering surveys, in planning environmentally friendly infrastructure projects and in the educational process as an example of modern design methods.