FUNCTIONAL CONSTRAINTS IN RAILWAY MANUFACTURING: CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

This article examines functional barriers within the railway transport production system and their impact on efficiency, modernization, and competitiveness. Barriers were classified into seven categories as technological, resource allocation, managerial, human capital, financial-economic, logistical, and informational. Their interrelation with economic processes was analyzed through a clustering approach, revealing that these obstacles collectively reduce production capacity, increase costs, and slow down modernization. To address these challenges, a monitoring and diagnostic framework linking barriers, capacity parameters, and economic outcomes is proposed. The research emphasizes that overcoming such constraints through strategic management and innovative platform-based solutions is essential for sustainable growth, economic stability, and international competitiveness of the railway sector.