Over-Voltage Protection Circuit for Tripping & Switching of 220V Appliances Using Relay Module and Python-Based Algo

Mitigating the risk of appliance damage caused by overvoltage conditions is a critical aspect of ensuring electrical safety and reliability. This study presents a novel "Over Voltage Protection Circuit for Tripping and Switching 220V Appliances Using a Relay Module," designed to address this challenge through an automated disconnection mechanism. The proposed system enhances protection, operational stability, and the longevity of connected appliances, making it a valuable addition to electrical safety measures.The circuit utilizes a combination of electronic components including transistors, capacitors, resistors, LEDs, diodes, anda relay module. Through the integration of these elements, the circuit detects over-voltage situations, triggers the relay to disconnect the appliance, and indicates the status through LEDs. The adjustable potentiometer allows for customization of the overvoltage threshold, enhancing flexibility and adaptability to varying electrical environments. Test results demonstrated that the circuit reliably disconnected the load at the specified voltage threshold and reconnected it when conditions stabilized. The design successfully accounted for hysteresis in relay operation, minimizing unnecessary toggling and ensuring stable performance. This practical and cost-effective solution offers reliable overvoltage protection for diverse applications.