BIFACIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS: CURRENT STATE OF RESEARCH, MODELING, EFFICIENCY AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS

The review article presents a comprehensive analysis of bifacial photovoltaic systems (bifacial PV). The objective of the work is to summarize the current state of research into this technology, including the classification of bifacial solar modules and installations, the results of experimental studies and methods for modeling their operation, as well as to assess the economic and environmental efficiency of these systems. The main methods used are an analytical review of domestic and foreign literary sources of recent years, including a comparative analysis of the results of field experiments and computational models. It is shown that bifacial photovoltaic modules are capable of generating 5–20% more energy than single-sided analogs due to the use of solar radiation reflected from surrounding surfaces. The optimal parameters of such systems (tilt angles, installation height, presence of reflectors, etc.) and their impact on generation gain are discussed. Data on a reduction in the specific cost of electricity generation (LCOE) and an acceleration of payback when using bifacial modules in various climatic conditions are provided. The main findings indicate significant advantages of bifacial PV systems in conditions of high surface albedo and intense insolation, as well as the prospects for their use in architectural integration and agrophotovoltaic installations.