Preliminary Application of Unmanned Plant Protection Machinery for Control of Cauliflower Diseases and Insect Pests in a Greenhouse

Regular control of diseases and pests is crucial for maximizing cauliflower yield and quality. Spray application of chemical pesticides causes environmental pollution, pesticide residue accumulation, and is labor-intensive. To address these challenges, we developed an unmanned plant protection device integrating ozone sterilization, light traps, and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Installed in a greenhouse, the device included an ozone generator, high-speed fan, and insect traps. It was remotely controlled via a mobile app for real-time adjustments to ozone release, fan speed, trap lamp operation, environmental data collection, and system monitoring. Greenhouse experiments tested the device against cauliflower aphids, Pieris rapae, and black rot. Infestation/infection rates of aphids, Pieris rapae, and black rot in the greenhouse with the device were 23.18%, 19.72%, and 45.83%, respectively—22.52%, 7.21%, and 6.95% lower than the rates in the conventional greenhouse with pesticide sprays. No adverse effects on cauliflower growth were noted, and pesticide use was significantly reduced, lowering both agrochemical and labor costs. The results demonstrate that the unmanned device effectively controls pests and diseases and is safe for use. This offers a bio-friendly solution for pest control in cauliflower production.