Evaluation of Hypomagnesemia and Its Relationship with GlycemicControl in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Magnesium, the second most abundant intracellular cation, plays a critical role in numerousenzymatic reactions, including glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and insulin signaling. In recent years,hypomagnesemia has been increasingly reported among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), withemerging evidence suggesting a strong link between magnesium deficiency and poor glycemic control.Magnesium acts as a cofactor in carbohydrate metabolism, and its deficiency may exacerbate insulin resistanceand impair glucose tolerance. Despite this, serum magnesium levels are often overlooked in routine diabetes care.This study was conducted to evaluate serum magnesium levels in T2DM patients and examine its correlation withglycemic status.Objectives:• To estimate serum magnesium levels in adult patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.• To assess the correlation between serum magnesium levels and glycemic indicators such as fasting plasmaglucose, postprandial blood glucose, and HbA1c.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Shri Ramkrishna Institute ofMedical Sciences and Sanaka Hospital, Durgapur, over a duration of 12 months. A total of 120 T2DM patientsaged 30–65 years were enrolled after fulfilling inclusion criteria. Venous blood samples were collected after anovernight fast and analyzed for serum magnesium using the colorimetric calmagite method. Glycemic parametersincluding fasting blood glucose (FPG), postprandial glucose (PPG), and HbA1c were also measured. Statisticalcorrelation analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Results: The mean serum magnesium level among the study population was 1.62 ± 0.18 mg/dL. Hypomagnesemia(serum Mg < 1.7 mg/dL) was observed in 67.5% of patients. A significant inverse correlation was noted betweenserum magnesium and both HbA1c (r = -0.446, p < 0.001) and postprandial blood glucose (r = -0.389, p = 0.002),while a moderate negative correlation existed with fasting plasma glucose (r = -0.298, p = 0.005). Patients withlower magnesium levels consistently showed higher glycemic indices, suggesting a contributory role ofmagnesium deficiency in glycemic dysregulation.Conclusion: This study demonstrates a high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM patients and a significantinverse relationship between serum magnesium levels and glycemic control. The findings highlight the potentialvalue of including serum magnesium assessment in the routine biochemical evaluation of diabetic individuals toenhance metabolic management and possibly reduce the burden of complications.