THE ROLE OF CLUSTERS IN THE ENERGY TRANSITION OF THE POLISH ECONOMY

<ns3:p>The energy transition in Poland presents a significant challenge for the national economy and its institutions. This process has been progressing slowly and is hindered by numerous obstacles. Energy and industrial clusters play a crucial role in accelerating the energy transition and mitigating these barriers. The aim of this study was to examine the role of clusters in Poland in supporting the energy transition. A descriptive approach was employed, incorporating the analysis of domestic and international literature, secondary data sources, findings from previous studies, and interviews with purposefully selected clusters. The results indicate that both energy and industrial clusters make an important contribution to facilitating the energy transition in Poland. These clusters differ in their nature, objectives, and operational methods. Energy clusters primarily focus on the production, distribution, and consumption of energy. Their organisational structure enhances energy security for local communities and enables more efficient use of local energy resources, particularly renewable sources. In contrast, industrial clusters support their members in organising collaborative innovation efforts to address the challenges posed by the energy transition. They facilitate knowledge and technology transfer and assist in obtaining funding for energy-related investments.</ns3:p>