Inflation, Hyperinflation, and the Global Economic Crisis: Strategic Management Approaches for Sustainable Development in Developing Nations

This article provides a critical examination of inflation and hyperinflation as persistent global economic challenges, with a particular focus on developing nations such as Ghana and Nigeria. It highlights how advanced economies mitigate inflationary pressures through structured social security systems and coordinated macroeconomic policies, while developing countries continue to struggle with currency depreciation, import dependency, and mounting debt burdens. Drawing on international business and financial management perspectives, the paper underscores the links between exchange rate instability, external borrowing, poor governance, and rising inflationary shocks. The study argues that sustainable solutions require leadership accountability, systematic policy reforms, empowerment of indigenous industries, and global cooperation under institutions like the IMF, WTO, and UN. It warns that failure to address inflation in developing countries risks fueling unemployment, social unrest, migration crises, and eroding trust in governance. To address these risks, the paper recommends the development of inclusive financial systems, interest-free enterprise financing models, and stronger international economic collaboration.