Biochemical, biogenic elements, and antimicrobial features contributing to reproductive success of pollen in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L)

Pollen grains are produced by plants during sexual reproduction and their viability is critical for reproductive success of flowering plants. Pollen is species specific and resistant to chemical and physical attacks provided by environment. Present investigation undertakes histological and qualitative localization of biomolecules, which are required for successful pollination and germination of Helianthus annuus L pollen. These molecules provide structural and functional stability, immunity and ecological specificity to pollen. These biomolecules (lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, polyphenols) also act as signaling molecules on successful adhesion and hydration of pollen. The antimicrobial activity of the pollen has been found against Escherichia coli (gram negative) and Staphyloccocus spp. (gram positive) and has been compared with enrofloxacin (antibiotic drug). Biogenic elements namely, potassium, calcium and boron also have a critical role in the functioning of pollen. Localization and quantification of these biogenic elements provide an insight into their physiochemical importance in pollen.