Measurement of Solar System Anomalies with the ΔQ Metric: Evidence for Residual Expansion (Version 2)

We extend the application of the ΔQ metric—originally developed for galactic rotation curves—to the Solar System. Using Lunar Laser Ranging (Earth–Moon) and ESA planetary ephemerides (Earth–Sun), we detect significant residual anomalies: ΔQ ≈ 0.27 ± 0.05 and ΔQ ≈ 0.31 ± 0.10, respectively. These values align with previously reported galactic anomalies (ΔQ ≈ 0.4), suggesting a universal, scale-independent effect. Version 2 expands the analysis by integrating a conceptual “residual expansion” framework, supported by a new Insight Box (Figure 5). The results indicate that gravity suppresses, but does not fully cancel, cosmic expansion—leaving a measurable ~30% residual even at Solar System scales. This strengthens the case for ΔQ as a cross-scale diagnostic of hidden dynamics and motivates further tests with planetary and satellite systems.