Research on the evolution of the global trade network pattern of cereal agricultural products

[Purpose] Global economic integration has intensified cereal trade, reshaping China’s grain security. Strengthening China’s role in the global cereal trade network is vital for improving trade patterns and safeguarding food security. [Design] Using bilateral trade data for eight major cereals in over 200 countries (1990–2021), this study applies social network analysis to construct global trade networks, measure key indicators, and visualize structural changes with Gephi. [Findings] From 1990 to 2021, average node degrees rose, with North America, Europe, and Australia as core hubs. Node degrees follow a power-law distribution, network density increased, clustering coefficients remained stable, and path lengths showed an inverted “U” trend. The network is moving toward decentralization and diversification. [Originality] By combining micro-level cereal trade analysis with social network methods, this study depicts the evolution of global trade structures, tracks China’s shifting position, and suggests new directions for national food security.