Evaluation of inflammatory and biochemical indicators in dialysis patients infected with hepatitis B virus

Viral hepatitis B is a causative factor in the development of various forms of extrahepatic vasculitis that can lead to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines on hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated renal failure prevalence and progression in the dialysis unit of Ramadi Teaching Hospital. 88 men and women participated in the study from July 2023 to February 2024: 72 patients with kidney failure and 16 healthy people (controls) between 25 and 70 years old. Age, sex, and kidney and liver function laboratory data were recorded. All participants were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by enzyme-linked immu-nosorbent assay. The dialysis patients comprised 38 men (56.8%) and 34 women (47.2%) (mean age: 53.4 years old). 30 patients were HBsAg-positive: 19 men (63.3%) and 11 women (36.7%). 42 patients were HBV-negative: 23 men (54.8%) and 19 women (45.2%). The patients had significantly increased levels of urea, creatinine, liver enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase), and cytokines (interleukin [IL]-10 and IL-17) compared to the healthy controls (P<0.0001). The urea, cre¬atinine, IL-10, and IL-17 levels were not significantly different between HBV-positive and HBV-negative patients. In conclusion, IL-10 and IL-17 may be potential biomarkers to predict HBV-associated renal fail¬ure prognosis and progression.