Epigenetic role in Salivary Gland Tumours: Insights into DNA Methylation and Molecular Complexity

Background: Salivary gland tumours (SGTs) characterize a complex collection of neoplasms and heterogeneous origins as well as unpredictable clinical outcomes, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Methods: This review was developed using scientific articles obtained from Google Scholar and the PubMed database by searching with the following keywords: DNA methylation, salivary gland tumours, epigenetics, tumour suppressor genes, and head & neck cancer. Results: This review explored the molecular complexity of SGTs, emphasizing the role of DNA hypermethylation and its prognostic significance. Further detailed role of such mechanisms might be easier to come up with the progress of novel biomarkers & treatment plans, not only for SGTs but also for other malignancies. Conclusion: Hypermethylation is a key factor in the growth of salivary gland tumours because it silences genes that help fight tumours. The epigenetic mechanism holds promise for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Advancement in this area will depend on multidisciplinary collaboration, and gaining a deeper understanding of the methylation patterns could support more personalized, targeted therapies