BARRIERS TO DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN ZIMBABWEAN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

This study explores the barriers to digital transformation in Zimbabwean local governments using a qualitative desktop review methodology. Drawing on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the TechnologyOrganization-Environment (TOE) framework, the analysis identifies key obstacles that hinder the uptake and institutionalisation of digital governance. The study categorises these barriers into four domains: political and regulatory, technological, economic, and social-human capital. Findings reveal outdated policies, weak coordination, infrastructure deficits, limited financial resources, digital illiteracy, and resistance to change as persistent challenges. Comparative insights from Indonesia, Denmark, and South Korea demonstrate how strategic policy alignment, digital literacy programmes, and inclusive governance models can support successful digital reforms. Based on these findings, the study recommends the development of a national digital strategy for local governments, investment in critical infrastructure, enhanced ICT capacity building, inclusive governance mechanisms, and sustainable financing models. The paper concludes with a call for empirical research to assess the real-world experiences of stakeholders and track the evolution of digital governance capacity over time. These insights aim to guide policymakers, development partners, and local authorities toward a more inclusive and resilient digital future for Zimbabwean municipalities.